引用http://www.voidcn.com/article/p-gwnhvusn-bsz.html

set.seed(12345)
dat <- 
  data.frame(
      Row = rep(x = LETTERS[1:5], times = 10)
    , Col = rep(x = LETTERS[1:10], each = 5)
    , Y = rnorm(n = 50, mean = 0, sd = 1)
    )
library(ggplot2)
p <- ggplot(data =  dat, aes(x = Row, y = Col)) + 
      geom_tile(aes(fill = Y), colour = "white") +
      scale_fill_gradient(low = "white", high = "steelblue")
p
dat$Y1 <- cut(dat$Y,breaks = c(-Inf,-3:3,Inf),right = FALSE)
ggplot(data =  dat, aes(x = Row, y = Col)) + 
      geom_tile(aes(fill = Y1), colour = "white") +
      scale_fill_brewer(palette = "PRGn")